Turkey’s Syria policy is often portrayed as a case of foreign policy failure driven by ideology. According to this view, Ankara abandoned realism in favor of Islamist enthusiasm during the Arab Spring and later returned to pragmatism after paying significant political and strategic costs. While this narrative highlights an important shift, it relies on a simplified understanding of the relationship between ideas and foreign policy.

Let me outline three possible scenarios for the post-Maduro era in Venezuela. I call them the “good,” the “bad,” and the “ugly.

The fall of the Assad regime in Syria has opened a new chapter in Turkish–Israeli relations. For a long time, the Assad regime was a major security concern for Turkey. For Israel, it was “the devil they knew.” Israel focused on containing the Assad regime and Iran’s proxies, while Turkey’s military presence in Syria remained a secondary issue.

On the eve of the civil war, Syria was a lower-middle-income country with steady growth and relatively stable macroeconomic indicators. Between 2000 and 2010, real GDP grew by an average of 4.8 percent annually, inflation averaged 4.9 percent. Trade accounted for 64 percent of GDP, and GDP per capita stood at 2,731 dollars in 2010.

Israel’s superior air power and strike capabilities during the 12-Day War exposed Iran’s structural weaknesses. Yet the consequences of this confrontation extend well beyond the battlefield. The war has acted as a catalyst, accelerating trends already present inside Iran and pushing the political system into a phase of recalibration. 

The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) emerged as a dominant military and territorial actor in eastern Syria following the U.S.-led campaign against ISIS. Their control of large areas has created sustained tension with Turkey, which views the SDF as an extension of the PKK. Turkey’s opposition to an independent SDF military structure, alongside Damascus’s efforts to reassert authority in eastern Syria, has made the status of the YPG, the SDF’s armed wing, a central issue in the negotiations, including the most recent talks in December.

This study evaluates, through long-term projections to 2053, the potential impact of increased EV penetration on Turkey’s energy landscape. It provides a comparative assessment of how changes in the share of EVs within the total vehicle fleet, across several scenario frameworks, could influence fuel demand and petroleum import volumes. A second, closely related objective is to measure the scale of Turkey’s oil dependency in order to establish a basis for examining its policy implications.

This study focuses on the geopolitical dimensions and constraints shaping Turkey’s ambition to become a natural gas hub. The emphasis is on Turkey’s diplomatic relations with key supplier countries, the political instability across the wider Middle East, and the limited capacity of neighboring states to produce and export gas reliably—factors that collectively can make or undermine Turkey’s hub ambitions.

The Turkey–EU Customs Union, established in 1995, has been a defining feature of trade relations between Turkey and the European Union. Over the past three decades, the global economic landscape has evolved significantly, necessitating a modernization of the agreement to address new trade realities, regulatory developments, and emerging geopolitical challenges.

Maduro operasyonunun detayları... Trump'ın Venezuela müdahalesi ve küresel sonuçları

2026'da dünyayı bekleyen sorunlar neler? ABD-Çin rekabeti, Tayvan, Ukrayna Savaşı ve Orta Doğu

İran Devrimi sonrası arka plana itilen milliyetçi duygular son zamanlarda yeniden öne çıkmaya başladı. Milliyetçiliğe dönüş ne anlama geliyor? İran ve Pers milliyetçiliği arasındaki fark? Milliyetçiliğin yükselişi İran rejimi için nasıl tehdit oluşturuyor? Dr. Mehmet Akif Koç İran'da milliyetçiliğin dönüşünü değerlendirdi.

Gürcü yazar Nino Haratischwili “The Eighth Life: (for Brilka)” (Sekizinci Hayat ismiyle Türkçeye çevrilmiş) adlı romanında 1900’lerden başlayarak 2000’lerin ortalarına kadar Jashi ailesinin hayat hikayesi üzerinden Sovyetler Birliği ve Gürcistan tarihine ışık tutuyor. Tarihi gerçeklere uygun bir şekilde ilerleyen roman, kurgu karakterlerle, anlattığı dönemlerin çok daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlıyor.

Hakan Şahin’s Türkiye’de Asker, Toplum ve Siyaset: Askerlerin Yaşam Anlatıları Üzerinden Bir Okuma (Soldier, Society, and Politics in Turkey: A Study on Soldiers’ Life Stories) offers a unique insider perspective on the Turkish military and soldiers’ understanding of the outside world. In this sense, the study fills an important gap in the literature on civil-military relations in Turkey.

Gérard Araud Fransız Hariciyesi’nde 40 yıl boyunca görev yaptıktan sonra Vaşington Büyükelçiliği görevini tamamlayarak emekliye ayrıldı. Gérard Araud’un Diplomatik Hikayeler – Günümüz Dünyasına Geçmişten Dersler kitabında bir Fransız hariciyecisinin kaleminden diplomasinin temel ilkeleri işleniyor. Bu bağlamda, İspanya Taht Savaşları, Viyana Kongresi, Dünya Savaşları, Süveyş Kanalı Krizi ve Irak’ın işgali gibi önemli olaylar Fransız diplomasisinin gözüyle ele alınıyor.